[CI] `util_free_space.sh` could stop when there is enough disk space

### Describe the enhancement requested

`ci/scripts/util_free_space.sh` can frequently take multiple minutes (example: 8 minutes in https://github.com/apache/arrow/actions/runs/18002170680/job/51213850509).

However, it might not be necessary to run it for some long if enough space is available. Perhaps this scripts could take the desired disk space as a parameter, and stop as soon as that number is reached?

For example, in https://github.com/apache/arrow/actions/runs/18002170680/job/51213850509#step:9:8 we see that 23 GB are available at the start of the script, which is perhaps sufficient for the Integration build.

### Component(s)

Continuous Integration