[C++] Mirror Apache products in packages.apache.org

### Describe the enhancement requested

We must use https://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.lua/... URL for the official artifacts of Apache products such as Apache Thrift.

If the target version is the latest version, the URL works well because CDN is used only for the latest version. But it doesn't work well for old versions. Because https://archive.apache.org/ is used for old versions and https://archive.apache.org/ doesn't accept many requests. For example, downloads via CI will be failed.

How about mirroring the official artifacts of Apache products in https://packages.apache.org/artifactory/arrow/thirdparty/ ?

I uploaded Apache Thrift 0.20.0 release as an example: https://packages.apache.org/artifactory/arrow/thirdparty/thrift-0.20.0.tar.gz

We have https://packages.apache.org/artifactory/arrow/thirdparty/0.7.0/ URL for similar reason but it's not maintained recently. So I think that we can ignore the `/0.7.0/` URL.

### Component(s)

C++