Write Dataset with file_visitor core dump

### Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

# Describe
Call pyarrow.dataset write_dataset with file_visitor will core dump. If not pass file_visitor, write_dataset running success.

# Reproduce Code
```
import pyarrow as pa
import pyarrow.dataset as ds
import uuid, pathlib, time, os
import json, pyarrow.parquet as pq

table_uri = pathlib.Path("data/my_ds")
data_dir = table_uri
data_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

tbl = pa.table({
"id": pa.array([1, 2, 3], pa.int64()),
"value": pa.array([10, 20, 30], pa.int64()),
"ds": pa.array(["2025-06-12"]*3, pa.string())
})

f_list = []
def f_visit(f):
f_list.append(f.path)

ds.write_dataset(
tbl,
base_dir=data_dir,
format="parquet",
basename_template=str(uuid.uuid4()) + "-{i}.parquet",
existing_data_behavior="delete_matching",
file_visitor=f_visit
)
```

# Enviroment
* Python: python 3.12
* Arrow Version: 19, 20

### Component(s)

C++, Python