[Python] Arrow doesn't pickup `endpoint_url` from `~/.aws/config`

### Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

Awhile back I opened this issue: https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas/issues/57449 mistakenly thinking `pandas` parquet reader wasn't working quite right due to the odd error thrown. Recent testing has shown it is probably an issue with `pyarrow`.

Testing was done on Ubuntu 20.04 and `pyarrow` 17.0.0. I am using an on-prem S3-compatibible storage provider. This means `AWS_REGION` is irrelevant, but the `AWS_ENDPOINT_URL` is important.

I have defined `endpoint_url` in `~/.aws/config` under the correct profile per the specification here:
https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/developer/new-improved-flexibility-when-configuring-endpoint-urls-with-the-aws-sdks-and-tools/

```python
import os
import pyarrow.parquet as pq

os.environ["AWS_PROFILE"] = "my-bucket-role"

tbl = pq.read_table("s3://my-bucket/my-parquet")

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
OSError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[1], line 14
---> 14 tbl = pq.read_table("s3://my-bucket/my-parquet")

File /opt/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pyarrow/parquet/core.py:1793, in read_table(source, columns, use_threads, schema, use_pandas_metadata, read_dictionary, memory_map, buffer_size, partitioning, filesystem, filters, use_legacy_dataset, ignore_prefixes, pre_buffer, coerce_int96_timestamp_unit, decryption_properties, thrift_string_size_limit, thrift_container_size_limit, page_checksum_verification)
1787 warnings.warn(
1788 "Passing 'use_legacy_dataset' is deprecated as of pyarrow 15.0.0 "
1789 "and will be removed in a future version.",
1790 FutureWarning, stacklevel=2)
1792 try:
-> 1793 dataset = ParquetDataset(
1794 source,
1795 schema=schema,
1796 filesystem=filesystem,
1797 partitioning=partitioning,
1798 memory_map=memory_map,
1799 read_dictionary=read_dictionary,
1800 buffer_size=buffer_size,
1801 filters=filters,
1802 ignore_prefixes=ignore_prefixes,
1803 pre_buffer=pre_buffer,
1804 coerce_int96_timestamp_unit=coerce_int96_timestamp_unit,
1805 decryption_properties=decryption_properties,
1806 thrift_string_size_limit=thrift_string_size_limit,
1807 thrift_container_size_limit=thrift_container_size_limit,
1808 page_checksum_verification=page_checksum_verification,
1809 )
1810 except ImportError:
1811 # fall back on ParquetFile for simple cases when pyarrow.dataset
1812 # module is not available
1813 if filters is not None:

File /opt/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pyarrow/parquet/core.py:1344, in ParquetDataset.__init__(self, path_or_paths, filesystem, schema, filters, read_dictionary, memory_map, buffer_size, partitioning, ignore_prefixes, pre_buffer, coerce_int96_timestamp_unit, decryption_properties, thrift_string_size_limit, thrift_container_size_limit, page_checksum_verification, use_legacy_dataset)
1341 if filesystem is None:
1342 # path might be a URI describing the FileSystem as well
1343 try:
-> 1344 filesystem, path_or_paths = FileSystem.from_uri(
1345 path_or_paths)
1346 except ValueError:
1347 filesystem = LocalFileSystem(use_mmap=memory_map)

File /opt/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pyarrow/_fs.pyx:477, in pyarrow._fs.FileSystem.from_uri()

File /opt/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pyarrow/error.pxi:155, in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status()

File /opt/conda/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pyarrow/error.pxi:92, in pyarrow.lib.check_status()

OSError: When resolving region for bucket 'my-bucket': AWS Error NETWORK_CONNECTION during HeadBucket operation: curlCode: 28, Timeout was reached
```

If I also specify a definition of `AWS_ENDPOINT_URL` as an environmental variable, it does work.
```python
os.environ["AWS_ENDPOINT_URL"] = "https://my-endpoint.com"
tbl = pq.read_table("s3://my-bucket/my-parquet") # no error
```

I think that `pyarrow` should read `endpoint_url` from `~/.aws/config` if it exists and `AWS_ENDPOINT_URL` is not specified, per: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/v1/userguide/cli-configure-endpoints.html. That would avoid this confusing error about 'region' and would also be convenient to avoid having to specify an additional environmental variable.

### Component(s)

Parquet, Python