[Python] Repr of Date scalars and arrays error if they are outside range of stdlib datetime.date

### Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

Similar to https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/36323

Repro:

```
import pyarrow as pa
import numpy as np

int32_max = np.iinfo('int32').max
int32_min = np.iinfo('int32').min

print(pa.scalar(int32_max, pa.date32())) # Throws
print(pa.scalar(int32_min, pa.data32())) # Throws
print(pa.array([int32_min, int32_max], pa.date32())) # has error message in repr but doesn't throw, output below
```

```
[
,

]
```

### Component(s)

Python