[Python] Table contains dictionary encoding with negative index

### Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

OS: RHEL 8.3
Language: Python 3.8.15
PyArrow Version: 9.0.0

I have a script that streams data to a file using ` pa.ipc.new_stream(path, reader.schema)`, and in a separate process, reading from that file using:
```
with pa.ipc.open_stream(path) as reader:
batches = list(reader)
df = pa.Table.from_batches(batches).to_pandas()
```
which fails with
```
pyarrow.lib.ArrowIndexError: Index -241 out of bounds
```

Inexplicably, in some cases it looks like, in a specific column with a dictionary encoding, one of the rows has a dictionary index of -241, even though the dictionary itself consists of a single value. Is this standard file corruption, a bug, or am I doing something wrong in the process writing/reading described above?

### Component(s)

Python