[Python] Chained projections

### Describe the enhancement requested

Hi Arrow Team,

I'd like to be able to chain projections - by which I mean something like this:
With a dataset that has schema `food: string, cost: int64`:
```
dataset = dataset.project({ "food": ds.field("food"), "costPlusOne": ds.field("cost") + 1 })
.project({ "food": ds.field("food"), "costPlusTwo": ds.field("costPlusOne") + 1 })
```

Note the chaining of the cost properties. I don't believe this is possible atm from Python(?)

Thanks

### Component(s)

Python