[C++][Gandiva] Provide common transcendental / bitwise operations

### Describe the enhancement requested

We (the ALICE experiment at the LHC) use Arrow and Gandiva as basis of our data analysis framework. However, we are currently maintaining a patch on top of the upstream arrow which introduces some basic bitwise and transcendental operations. In particular we need to support:

* [ ] https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/34117
* [ ] 16 / 8 bit boolean operations.
* [ ] not operations on unsigned quantities.
* [ ] float sqrtf, logf, log10f, powerf, absf
* [ ] float trigonometric functions

We actually have the code already and we use it in production, we will open a PR and we would be happy to donate it upstream to simplify our adoption of vanilla arrow releases.

### Component(s)

C++ - Gandiva