[Parquet][C++][Python] "List index overflow" when read parquet file

From issue https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14229.

The bug looks like this:
- create a pandas dataframe with **one column** and `n` rows, `n < max(int32)`
- each elemenet is a list with `m` integers, `m * n > max(int32)`
- save to a parquet file
- reading from the parquet file fails with "OSError: List index overflow"

See comment below on details to reproudce this bug:
https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14229#issuecomment-1272223773

Tested with a small dataset, the error might come from below code.
https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/master/cpp/src/parquet/level_conversion.cc#L63-L64
`OffsetType` is `int32`, but the loop is executed (and `*offset` is incremented) `m * n` times which is beyond `max(int32)`.

**Reporter**: [Yibo Cai](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17983) / @cyb70289

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-17983](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17983). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

Start with cpp/src/parquet/level_conversion.cc at lines 63-64 and review the reproduction details in the linked comment on issue 14229. Reproduce the failure with a pandas dataframe whose nested-list element count exceeds the int32 limit, then verify that reading the resulting Parquet file no longer reports "List index overflow".

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.