[C++][Python] Large strings cause ArrowInvalid: offset overflow while concatenating arrays

When working with medium-sized datasets that have very long strings, arrow fails when trying to operate on the strings. The root is the `combine_chunks` function.

Here is a minimally reproducible example
```python
import numpy as np
import pyarrow as pa

# Create a large string
x = str(np.random.randint(low=0,high=1000, size=(30000,)).tolist())
t = pa.chunked_array([x]*20_000)
# Combine the chunks into large string array - fails
combined = t.combine_chunks()
```

I get the following error
```python
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- ArrowInvalid Traceback (most recent call last) /var/folders/x6/00594j4s2yv3swcn98bn8gxr0000gn/T/ipykernel_95780/4128956270.py in ----> 1 z=t.combine_chunks()
~/.venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pyarrow/table.pxi in pyarrow.lib.ChunkedArray.combine_chunks()
~/.venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pyarrow/array.pxi in pyarrow.lib.concat_arrays() ~/Documents/Github/dataquality/.venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pyarrow/error.pxi in pyarrow.lib.pyarrow_internal_check_status() ~.venv/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pyarrow/error.pxi in pyarrow.lib.check_status()
ArrowInvalid: offset overflow while concatenating arrays
```

With smaller strings or smaller arrays this works fine.
```python
x = str(np.random.randint(low=0,high=1000, size=(10,)).tolist())
t = pa.chunked_array([x]*1000)
combined = t.combine_chunks()
```
The first example that fails takes a few minutes to run. If you'd like a faster example for experimentation, you can use `vaex` to generate the chunked array much faster. This will throw the identical error and will run about 1 second.

```python
import vaex
import numpy as np

n = 50_000
x = str(np.random.randint(low=0,high=1000, size=(30_000,)).tolist())
df = vaex.from_arrays(
id=list(range(n)),
y=np.random.randint(low=0,high=1000,size=n)
)
df["text"] = vaex.vconstant(x, len(df))
# text_chunk_array is now a pyarrow.lib.ChunkedArray
text_chunk_array = df.text.values
x = text_chunk_array.combine_chunks()
```

**Reporter**: [Ben Epstein](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17828)

#### Related issues:

- https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/25822 (relates to)
- https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/28850 (relates to)
- https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/23539 (relates to)
- https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/26180 (supercedes)

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-17828](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17828). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}