[C++] ORC in build breaks code using Arrow and not ORC -- not reproducible

After building Arrow from source, with ORC enabled and retrieved from a package manager, I went to build some software that did not use ORC, and was unable to compile because ORC was not found by Arrow internals, and I didn't include ORC in my final CMake file (the one for my Arrow-using program), because I simply wasn't using it.

I rebuilt Arrow without ORC for now, but the ability to include ORC as a feature in Arrow and not have to include it in future CMakes when ORC isn't in use would be nice.

**Reporter**: [Kae Suarez](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17344) / @ksuarez1423

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-17344](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17344). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

No files or tests are named. Start by reproducing the Arrow CMake build with ORC enabled from a package manager, then build a separate Arrow-using program without ORC; done means that non-ORC consumer configures and compiles without adding ORC to its CMake file.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.