[C++] Dump OpenTelemetry profiling summary to stdout

Add an OpenTemetry exporter that constructs a profiling summary and prints it to stdout.

**Reporter**: [Ákos Hadnagy](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-16084) / @ahadnagy

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-16084](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-16084). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

Start by locating the C++ profiling implementation and any existing exporter entry points in the repository; the issue does not name files or tests. Determine how a profiling summary is constructed and how output behavior is tested. Done means an OpenTelemetry exporter produces the summary and prints it to stdout.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.