[C++] Strptime issues umbrella

This is to make strptime efforts more visible

**Reporter**: [Rok Mihevc](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-15894) / @rok
**Watchers**: [Rok Mihevc](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-15894) / @rok
#### Related issues:
- [[C++][R] strptime fails to parse with %b or %B on Windows](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/31816) (is a parent of)
- [[C++][Python] strptime fails to parse with %p on Windows](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/31971) (is a parent of)
- [[Python] Failed to parse string into timestamp](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/25940) (is a parent of)
- [[C++][Python] strptime fails to parse subsecond timestamps](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/26409) (is a parent of)
- [[C++] CSV date custom parser](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/26783) (is a parent of)
- [[C++][Python][R] Add format inference option to StrptimeOptions](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/31120) (is a parent of)
- [[C++] Support for fractional seconds in strptime()](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/20146) (is a parent of)
- [[C++][Doc] Document that the strptime kernel ignores %Z](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/31315) (is a parent of)
- [[C++] Add a strptime option to control the cutoff between 1900 and 2000 when %y ](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/31951) (is a parent of)
- [[C++] Add support for %Z to strptime ](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/32669) (is a parent of)
- [Allow ConvertOptions.timestamp_parsers for date types](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/33357) (is a parent of)
- [[C++] Add error handling option to StrptimeOptions](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/20115) (is a parent of)
- [[C++] Is CSV reader's TimestampParser usable elsewhere?](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/31341) (is a parent of)
- [[C++] Add support for %Z to strptime ](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/32669) (is a parent of)
- [[C++] strptime fails to parse with %z on MacOS when zone offset includes ":"](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/34081)

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-15894](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-15894). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

Start by reviewing the related strptime issues listed in this umbrella, particularly the Windows, fractional-seconds, timezone, and format-inference items, to identify a specific unresolved task. Done means completing one selected child issue and confirming its associated behavior, but this umbrella does not name files, tests, or a standalone change.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.