[C++] Add Substrait Function Tests for Filter and Join

`function_test.cc` in Substrait testing only includes `ScanAndProject` and `ScanAndAggregate`, `ScanAndFilter` and `ScanAndJoin` must be added to this test suite. 

**Reporter**: [Vibhatha Lakmal Abeykoon](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17754) / @vibhatha

_{**Note**: *This issue was originally created as [ARROW-17754](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17754). Please see the [migration documentation](https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/14542) for further details.*}

Start by reading function_test.cc and the existing ScanAndProject and ScanAndAggregate tests. Add corresponding ScanAndFilter and ScanAndJoin coverage to the same Substrait test suite, then run the relevant Substrait tests to confirm both cases pass.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.