Pass options to Parquet metadata readers

**Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.**
- Part of #5853

One of the goals of the Thrift remodel project (#5854) was to enable such things as selective decoding of parts of the Parquet metadata. The parsers are now in place to enable this, but was is lacking now is a way to communicate what bits of the metadata are required.

**Describe the solution you'd like**
Some mechanism to communicate to the metadata parsers what is needed. Options can include such things as:
- Skip some statistics fields in `ColumnMetaData` (`Statistics`, `PageEncodingStatistics`, `SizeStatistics`, etc).
- Parse page encoding statistics into some other form (boolean, bitmask) to support dictionary based pushdown.
- Column projections (i.e. skip decoding metadata/page indexes for columns that will not be read).
- Row group selection (only parse metadata for requested set of row groups).
- Only decode chunk statistics/column indexes for columns used in predicates.
- Only return schema.
- Skip schema and use a provided schema (perhaps from an earlier decode).
- Add an optional "skip index" that will enable random access to the metadata
- Perhaps move encryption parameters here as well.
- Others I haven't yet thought of.

**Describe alternatives you've considered**
These options could be added to current properties objects, but there doesn't seem to b a single place for all of these. For instance, `SerializedFileReader` takes a `ReadOptions`, that contains a `ReaderProperties` which is what is subsequently used by the `SerialzedRowGroupReader` and children. On the arrow side we instead use an `ArrowReaderOptions`. The `ParquetMetaDataReader` and `ParquetMetaDataPushDecoder` manage their own set of options. It would be nice to have a single place to set metadata parsing options and then pass that to the respective decoders.

**Additional context**