Header+Trailer support for Flight Client

**Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.**
Extend header/trailer interface proposed in #4727 to other flight methods.

**Describe the solution you'd like**
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**Describe alternatives you've considered**
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**Additional context**
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Start by reading issue #4727 and then inspect the Rust Flight Client methods referenced by that interface. The work is complete when the header/trailer interface is supported across the other Flight methods, with the relevant existing client tests updated or extended.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.