Support partitioning functionality

**Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge? Please describe what you are trying to do.**

In DataFusion, a common operation is to repartition a RecordBatch by hashing one or more columns and dividing them into `partition` record batches using the "formula" `hash % num_partitions`.

The current approach is to create the indices that match and use them to `take` the individual arrays (see `BatchPartitioner` in datafusion).

This is relatively expensive however, as we visit the arrays `num_partitions` times in different places, leading to cache inefficient.

**Describe the solution you'd like**

I would like to have a method in arrow-rs that takes an Array with `partition` numbers (0..) and spreads the rows of the Array(s) into a `Vec` and/or `Vec`.

**Describe alternatives you've considered**

**Additional context**

Review BatchPartitioner in DataFusion and the existing take-based partitioning approach for Array and RecordBatch values. Completion means providing a method that distributes rows into Vec and/or Vec according to the supplied partition numbers, while addressing the repeated array visits described in the issue.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.