Implement ALP encoding

### Is your feature request related to a problem or challenge?

- Follow on to https://github.com/apache/arrow-rs/issues/8748

Parquet has added a new encoding for floating point numbers: ALP

The format change is here
- https://github.com/apache/parquet-format/pull/557

### Describe the solution you'd like

We should implement and support this new encoding in arrow-rs

### Describe alternatives you've considered

@sdf-jkl and @devanbenz have a PR almost ready to go in
- https://github.com/apache/arrow-rs/pull/9372

### Additional context

I am filing this issue so I can close the prototype one which has more backstory
- https://github.com/apache/arrow-rs/issues/8748

### Subtasks
- [ ] #10642
- [ ] #10645
- [ ] #10646
- [ ] #10644
- [ ] #10643

Start by reading the Parquet format change in PR 557 and the prototype context in issue 8748, then review the nearly ready implementation in PR 9372. The issue lists subtasks #10642, #10645, #10646, #10644, and #10643; done means ALP encoding is implemented and supported in arrow-rs with those subtasks addressed.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.