format: expose sequences in catalog metadata

### What feature or improvement would you like to see?

Not in JDBC/ODBC, but used by some systems. Also defined in ANSI SQL:2003

- Oracle Database: [ALL_SEQUENCES](https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/21/refrn/ALL_SEQUENCES.html)
- PostgreSQL: https://github.com/apache/arrow-adbc/issues/3971 (point 8)
- Snowflake: https://github.com/adbc-drivers/snowflake/issues/77 (point 5)
- SQL Server: [sys.sequences](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/relational-databases/system-catalog-views/sys-sequences-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver17)

Start by reviewing how catalog metadata is represented in the ADBC API, then compare the sequence catalogs cited for Oracle, PostgreSQL, Snowflake, and SQL Server. Done means agreeing on and exposing sequence metadata consistently for database systems that support it.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.