[Bug]: Some TableProperties should not be modified and may cause data consistency issues

### Search before asking

- [X] I have searched in the [issues](https://github.com/NetEase/arctic/issues?q=is%3Aissue) and found no similar issues.

### What would you like to be improved?

Certain properties should not be allowed to be modified via the interface such as 'table.partition-properties', and 'base.table.max-transaction-id' etc.
Modification of these properties may result in metadata corruption or data consistency issues.

### How should we improve?

Restrictions on the modification of certain properties at code level

### Are you willing to submit PR?

- [ ] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Subtasks

_No response_

### Code of Conduct

- [X] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://www.apache.org/foundation/policies/conduct)

The issue names no files, tests, or entry points. Start by locating the interface that modifies table properties and the definitions of table.partition-properties and base.table.max-transaction-id. Done means restricted properties cannot be modified through that interface, with coverage for the metadata consistency risk.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.