Create a basic guiding doc - How to Debug Your Airflow Deployment

### Description

Create a basic guiding doc "How to Debug Your Airflow Deployment" that can guide users towards debugging their Airflow deployment. This doc can be based on general Airflow best practices + Agans' 9 rules of debugging:

1. Understand the system
2. Make it fail
3. Quit thinking and look
4. Divide and conquer
5. Change one thing at a time
6. Keep an audit trail
7. Check the plug
8. Get a fresh view
9. If you didn't fix it, it ain't fixed

The guide shall express above rules using Airflow examples, such that the users can read the guide and understand how to approach similar Airflow debugging scenarios.

### Use case/motivation

David A. Wheeler's Article (2004): https://dwheeler.com/essays/debugging-agans.html

### Related issues

Parent Issue: https://github.com/apache/airflow/issues/40975

### Are you willing to submit a PR?

- [x] Yes I am willing to submit a PR!

### Code of Conduct

- [x] I agree to follow this project's [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/apache/airflow/blob/main/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)