bug(MatSelect): Mdc line ripple doesn't use the color from the theme if it gets disabled right after receiving a value

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

The bottom "line ripple" of a mat-select field doesn't always retrieve its color from the theme variable `--mdc-filled-text-field-disabled-active-indicator-color` when disabled.

See example below :

On this example, the two select inputs are identical and inherit the same styles, the sole difference is that the first input is disabled from the start and the second input is disabled once an option is selected.

If I inspect the line ripple, it seems that once I picked a value and disabled the input the line ripple `:after` selector changes and inherit a color from `--mat-app-text-color` :

If I manually change the color in `:after` to transparent, I get the expect result :

### Reproduction

StackBlitz link: https://stackblitz.com/edit/jnudjj
Steps to reproduce:
1. In theme.scss, after Material theme import, override the value from ` --mdc-filled-text-field-disabled-active-indicator-color`to differentiate it easily
2. Create a component with one mat-select input which gets disabled right after we picked a value :
``

### Expected Behavior

I get an indentical color for the line ripple whether mat-select is disabled from the start or after picking a value.

### Actual Behavior

When a mat-select input gets disabled right after a value is picked, the line ripple color is not correct.

### Environment

- Angular: 17.3.1
- CDK/Material: 17.3.1
- Browser(s): Chrome
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): macOS

Start with the StackBlitz reproduction, its theme.scss override, and the mat-select component whose disabled state follows a selected value. Compare the line ripple styling when the select starts disabled with the styling after selection disables it. Done means both cases use the overridden --mdc-filled-text-field-disabled-active-indicator-color.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.