bug(matInput): matInput with type "date" has incorrect height

### Is this a regression?

- [X] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

14

### Description

matInput with appearance "outline" with type "date" has hardcoded height of 16px, which combining with font-size of 16px results in cropping of letters.

### Reproduction

https://stackblitz.com/edit/xv3jy5?file=src%2Fexample%2Fform-field-appearance-example.html,src%2Fexample%2Fform-field-appearance-example.ts

### Expected Behavior

Nothing should be cropped.

### Actual Behavior

Empty input element text gets cropped.

### Environment

Angular CLI: 15.2.9
Node: 18.12.0
Package Manager: yarn 1.22.19
OS: win32 x64

Angular: 15.2.9
... animations, cdk, cli, common, compiler, compiler-cli, core
... forms, language-service, material, material-moment-adapter
... platform-browser, platform-browser-dynamic, platform-server
... router, service-worker

Package Version
---------------------------------------------------------
@angular-devkit/architect 0.1502.9
@angular-devkit/build-angular 15.2.9
@angular-devkit/core 15.2.9
@angular-devkit/schematics 15.2.9
@angular/fire 7.5.0
@schematics/angular 15.2.9
rxjs 7.8.0
typescript 4.8.4
webpack 5.76.0

Start by running the linked StackBlitz reproduction for the Angular Material matInput with outline appearance and type="date". Inspect the matInput and form-field styling involved in the fixed 16px height; done means the date input text is no longer cropped while preserving the expected outline appearance.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.