bug(material/table): Using `mat-text-column` within wrapped table doesn't work

### Is this a regression?

- [ ] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

_No response_

### Description

Extending [wrapped table example](https://material.angular.io/components/table/examples#table-wrapped) from documentation with `mat-text-column` component causes whole table to break. The `MatTextColumn` component cannot find the material table to register to.

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### Reproduction

See fork of the wrapped table example on Stackblitz: https://stackblitz.com/edit/3yrpgj-hxvvce

See console for errors. The table doesn't render properly until "symbol" column is removed from `displayedColumns` array.

### Expected Behavior

I would expect that using custom column definitions like the `MatTextColumn` would work with wrapped material table. However fixing this may turn out to be impossible due to how `ng-content` and componen initialization works.

### Actual Behavior

Adding the `mat-text-column` column within wrapped Material table throws an expection:

```
Error: Text column could not find a parent table for registration.
...
```

### Environment

- Angular: 16.0.0
- CDK/Material: 16.0.0
- Browser(s): Google Chrome
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): Ubuntu

Start with the wrapped table example and its StackBlitz reproduction, then compare behavior with and without the mat-text-column element. Reproduce the registration error in Angular 16 and verify that the wrapped table renders correctly with MatTextColumn and the symbol column present.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.