bug(mat-card): mat-elevation-zx no longer working for mat-card after upgrade to version 15

### Is this a regression?

- [X] Yes, this behavior used to work in the previous version

### The previous version in which this bug was not present was

14

### Description

I have some mat-cards with specific elevations set, like for example: `class=mat-elevation-z4`
After the upgrade from 14 to 15, the cards are no longer affected by any mat-elevation classes I add.

### Reproduction

Steps to reproduce:
1. in a template, use `test`
2. notice that the elevation helper class has no effect on the mat-card's elevation

### Expected Behavior

Expecting the mat-elevation-z_x_ classes to modify the mat-card's elevation.

### Actual Behavior

elevation is not affected by adding, for example, `class="mat-elevation-z8"`

### Environment

- Angular: 15.0.0
- CDK/Material: 15.0.0
- Browser(s): Edge/Chrome
- Operating System (e.g. Windows, macOS, Ubuntu): Windows

Reproduce the issue using a template containing test with Angular and CDK/Material 15.0.0, then compare the result with version 14; done means the mat-elevation-zx helper classes visibly modify the card elevation again.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.