feat(DATE): Add Temporal Adapter

### Feature Description

The [Temporal API](https://tc39.es/proposal-temporal/docs/) has been [almost done](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-temporal/issues/1450) for a year now.

Extract from [README.MD](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-temporal):
> NOTE: Although this proposal's API is not expected to change, implementers of this proposal MUST NOT ship unflagged Temporal implementations until IETF standardizes timezone/calendar string serialization formats. See https://github.com/tc39/proposal-temporal/issues/1450 for updates.

### Use Case

If the adapter were created, people could start to experiment with this. Also, the could be THE final adapter to exist. (If temporal lives to meet expectation)

Start by reading the Temporal API documentation and the linked proposal README to confirm the current API and serialization requirements. Then locate Angular Material's existing date-adapter entry points and tests; done means a Temporal adapter is available for experimentation and its behavior is covered by tests.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.