Add 3 state option to multiple select

#### Bug, feature request, or proposal:
feature request

#### What is the expected behavior?
Be able to use `Intermediate` inside `mat-option` like you currently can inside `mat-checkbox`

checkbox with the Intermediate set to true:

multiple select

#### What is the current behavior?
The multiple select can only support 2 states.

#### What is the use-case or motivation for changing an existing behaviour?
I want to provide the use a multi select with options for filtering another check box list. If option one is checked in the multi select all corresponding items from the checkbox list should be checked. If the user then unchecks one of those items the multi select should be updated to the intermediate state.

Start at the Angular Material mat-select and mat-option entry points, then compare their current two-state behavior with the mat-checkbox Intermediate option mentioned in the issue. The work is done when multiple-select options support an Intermediate state and the state updates when corresponding selections change.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.