Exploring the Infrastructure: Understanding What Happens When You Type https://www.google.com in Your Browser

When you type https://www.google.com/ in your browser and press Enter, the following sequence of events occurs:

The browser first needs to determine the IP address associated with the domain name "google.com". This is done through a process called DNS resolution, where the browser sends a DNS request to a DNS server. The DNS server looks up the IP address associated with the domain name and returns it to the browser.

Once the browser has the IP address, it establishes a connection with the web server using the TCP/IP protocol. The browser sends a SYN packet to initiate the connection, and the web server responds with a SYN-ACK packet to confirm the connection.

The browser and web server then establish a secure connection using HTTPS/SSL. This ensures that all data exchanged between the browser and the web server is encrypted and cannot be intercepted by a third party.

The browser then sends a request to the web server, which is then passed through a firewall for security checking. If the request is deemed safe, it is then passed on to the load balancer.

The load balancer distributes incoming requests to multiple web servers to ensure that no single server is overwhelmed and to improve the overall performance of the system.

The web server then processes the request and sends it to the appropriate application server.

The application server retrieves the necessary data from the database and sends it back to the web server.

The web server then sends the data back to the browser, which renders the page and displays it to the user.