[Bug]: Maven in Alpine-Image not working (ClassNotFoundException)

### Please add the exact image (with tag) that you are using

21.0.2_13-jdk-alpine

### Please add the version of Docker you are running

25.0.2

### What happened?

Switching from `21.0.1_12-jdk-alpine` to `21.0.2_13-jdk-alpine` causes some problems with `maven`. The alpine JDK image is used as a base for building our builder image for gitlab ci/cd.

The minimal example dockerfile looks like this:

```dockerfile
FROM eclipse-temurin:21.0.2_13-jdk-alpine

# upgrade alpine linux
RUN apk update && apk add --upgrade apk-tools && apk upgrade --available && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*

# install Build-Helper
RUN apk add --no-cache \
bash \
maven

CMD ["bash"]
```

Executing `mvn -v` results in this error:
```shell
$ mvn -v
Error: Could not find or load main class org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher
```

Building the dockerfile with the older version `21.0.1_12-jdk-alpine` as a base, the command gets executed well
```shell
$ mvn -v
Apache Maven 3.9.2 (c9616018c7a021c1c39be70fb2843d6f5f9b8a1c)
Maven home: /usr/share/java/maven-3
Java version: 21.0.1, vendor: Eclipse Adoptium, runtime: /opt/java/openjdk
Default locale: en_US, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "linux", version: "5.4.0-169-generic", arch: "amd64", family: "unix"
```

Between the two images there are a few changes under the hood:

- alpine bumped from 3.18 to 3.19
- maven bumped from 3.9.2 to 3.9.5
- jdk bundles with maven bumped from jdk 17 to jdk 21

In the course of putting all these details together, I discovered that the problem with Maven was also present if I just used the `alpine:3.19` image tag itself.
It would be helpful for us if we could use the latest temurin jdk without the need to switch to the newest alpine image.

Both container are running on `gitlab-runner 16.7.0`.

A few odds to add:
- I have not been able to reproduce the problem when running images locally in Docker Desktop for Windows. All logs/issues are coming from the ci/cd environment.
- We have basically the same script for Temurin JDK17. Which - in the meanwhile - is also based on `alpine 3.19` and `maven 3.9.5` and hence brings a bundled Oracle OpenJDK 21 with it. And it works. So the root problem could be in Alpine 3.19, but the Temurin JDK 21 could also be interfering with Oracle JDK 21, resulting in the class problem.

### Relevant log output (21.0.2_13-jdk-alpine)

```shell
#0 building with "default" instance using docker driver
#1 [internal] load build definition from dockerfile
#1 transferring dockerfile: 331B done
#1 DONE 0.0s
#2 [internal] load .dockerignore
#2 transferring context: 41B 0.0s done
#2 DONE 0.1s
#3 [auth] eclipse-temurin:pull token for custom-artifactory.com
#3 DONE 0.0s
#4 [internal] load metadata for custom-artifactory.com/eclipse-temurin:21.0.2_13-jdk-alpine
#4 DONE 0.3s
#5 [1/3] FROM custom-artifactory.com/eclipse-temurin:21.0.2_13-jdk-alpine@sha256:6da40af213861c1b9cc475affa011d395d4dbcf0cb031b6a5d05a658fd9e3c5e
#5 resolve custom-artifactory.com/eclipse-temurin:21.0.2_13-jdk-alpine@sha256:6da40af213861c1b9cc475affa011d395d4dbcf0cb031b6a5d05a658fd9e3c5e 0.0s done
#5 sha256:f13b621e73dc63fb6be52dc6540fb34c92b98a0e85c69dea04289c03aa53d91b 4.92kB / 4.92kB done
#5 sha256:4abcf20661432fb2d719aaf90656f55c287f8ca915dc1c92ec14ff61e67fbaf8 1.05MB / 3.41MB 0.1s
#5 sha256:59648cfc069f04a8d0eece9cae80e25155888dc9b5de722b58603efafaa0d78b 2.10MB / 13.14MB 0.1s
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 1.05MB / 158.61MB 0.1s
#5 sha256:6da40af213861c1b9cc475affa011d395d4dbcf0cb031b6a5d05a658fd9e3c5e 549B / 549B done
#5 sha256:82698e23d15ada036bc176f6fb210401e0679cd0a4b1e71d05e7329982d6062c 1.37kB / 1.37kB done
#5 sha256:4abcf20661432fb2d719aaf90656f55c287f8ca915dc1c92ec14ff61e67fbaf8 3.41MB / 3.41MB 0.1s done
#5 sha256:59648cfc069f04a8d0eece9cae80e25155888dc9b5de722b58603efafaa0d78b 5.24MB / 13.14MB 0.2s
#5 extracting sha256:4abcf20661432fb2d719aaf90656f55c287f8ca915dc1c92ec14ff61e67fbaf8
#5 sha256:98795b95bb4830f88ab5d81f355f8a6f3bd833705d858023f9b58c42457db454 179B / 179B 0.2s done
#5 sha256:c4451c8b3dbe1616b4f1d08ac6cbd135f48e3d3393f2c37402ac18b0b845dfdc 716B / 716B 0.2s
#5 sha256:59648cfc069f04a8d0eece9cae80e25155888dc9b5de722b58603efafaa0d78b 6.29MB / 13.14MB 0.3s
#5 extracting sha256:4abcf20661432fb2d719aaf90656f55c287f8ca915dc1c92ec14ff61e67fbaf8 0.2s done
#5 sha256:c4451c8b3dbe1616b4f1d08ac6cbd135f48e3d3393f2c37402ac18b0b845dfdc 716B / 716B 0.2s done
#5 sha256:59648cfc069f04a8d0eece9cae80e25155888dc9b5de722b58603efafaa0d78b 10.49MB / 13.14MB 0.5s
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 9.44MB / 158.61MB 0.5s
#5 sha256:59648cfc069f04a8d0eece9cae80e25155888dc9b5de722b58603efafaa0d78b 13.14MB / 13.14MB 0.6s done
#5 extracting sha256:59648cfc069f04a8d0eece9cae80e25155888dc9b5de722b58603efafaa0d78b
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 20.97MB / 158.61MB 1.0s
#5 extracting sha256:59648cfc069f04a8d0eece9cae80e25155888dc9b5de722b58603efafaa0d78b 0.8s done
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 32.51MB / 158.61MB 1.7s
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 40.89MB / 158.61MB 2.0s
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 53.48MB / 158.61MB 2.4s
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 63.96MB / 158.61MB 2.8s
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 72.35MB / 158.61MB 3.1s
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 81.79MB / 158.61MB 3.4s
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 92.27MB / 158.61MB 3.7s
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 102.76MB / 158.61MB 4.0s
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 113.25MB / 158.61MB 4.3s
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 123.73MB / 158.61MB 4.6s
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 133.17MB / 158.61MB 4.9s
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 141.56MB / 158.61MB 5.2s
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 149.95MB / 158.61MB 5.5s
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 158.61MB / 158.61MB 5.9s
#5 sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 158.61MB / 158.61MB 5.9s done
#5 extracting sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 0.1s
#5 extracting sha256:6b168e20b9f2c7cde9300b36733340d229efb681e7862b716580cdb07cdb572e 4.5s done
#5 extracting sha256:98795b95bb4830f88ab5d81f355f8a6f3bd833705d858023f9b58c42457db454 done
#5 extracting sha256:c4451c8b3dbe1616b4f1d08ac6cbd135f48e3d3393f2c37402ac18b0b845dfdc
#5 extracting sha256:c4451c8b3dbe1616b4f1d08ac6cbd135f48e3d3393f2c37402ac18b0b845dfdc done
#5 DONE 10.9s
#6 [2/3] RUN apk update && apk add --upgrade apk-tools && apk upgrade --available && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*
#6 0.380 fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.19/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
#6 0.561 fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.19/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
#6 1.034 v3.19.1-26-g2c7dab72cd7 [https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.19/main]
#6 1.034 v3.19.1-28-g2f20f968460 [https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.19/community]
#6 1.034 OK: 22982 distinct packages available
#6 1.668 OK: 40 MiB in 39 packages
#6 2.271 OK: 40 MiB in 39 packages
#6 DONE 2.6s
#7 [3/3] RUN apk add --no-cache bash maven
#7 0.559 fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.19/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
#7 0.695 fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.19/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
#7 1.152 (1/25) Installing ncurses-terminfo-base (6.4_p20231125-r0)
#7 1.169 (2/25) Installing libncursesw (6.4_p20231125-r0)
#7 1.192 (3/25) Installing readline (8.2.1-r2)
#7 1.212 (4/25) Installing bash (5.2.21-r0)
#7 1.254 Executing bash-5.2.21-r0.post-install
#7 1.258 (5/25) Installing java-common (0.5-r0)
#7 1.274 (6/25) Installing java-cacerts (1.0-r1)
#7 1.289 (7/25) Installing openjdk21-jre-headless (21.0.2_p13-r0)
#7 2.645 (8/25) Installing libxau (1.0.11-r3)
#7 2.659 (9/25) Installing libmd (1.1.0-r0)
#7 2.673 (10/25) Installing libbsd (0.11.7-r3)
#7 2.685 (11/25) Installing libxdmcp (1.1.4-r3)
#7 2.699 (12/25) Installing libxcb (1.16-r0)
#7 2.728 (13/25) Installing libx11 (1.8.7-r0)
#7 2.784 (14/25) Installing libxext (1.3.5-r3)
#7 2.795 (15/25) Installing libxi (1.8.1-r2)
#7 2.812 (16/25) Installing libxrender (0.9.11-r4)
#7 2.826 (17/25) Installing libxtst (1.2.4-r4)
#7 2.842 (18/25) Installing alsa-lib (1.2.10-r0)
#7 2.870 (19/25) Installing giflib (5.2.1-r5)
#7 2.885 (20/25) Installing libjpeg-turbo (3.0.1-r0)
#7 2.919 (21/25) Installing lcms2 (2.15-r4)
#7 2.943 (22/25) Installing openjdk21-jre (21.0.2_p13-r0)
#7 2.983 (23/25) Installing openjdk21-jmods (21.0.2_p13-r0)
#7 3.823 (24/25) Installing openjdk21-jdk (21.0.2_p13-r0)
#7 3.917 (25/25) Installing maven (3.9.5-r0)
#7 4.023 Executing busybox-1.36.1-r15.trigger
#7 4.031 Executing ca-certificates-20230506-r0.trigger
#7 4.153 Executing java-common-0.5-r0.trigger
#7 4.162 OK: 343 MiB in 64 packages
#7 DONE 4.5s
```

### Relevant log output (21.0.1_12-jdk-alpine)

```shell
#0 building with "default" instance using docker driver
#1 [internal] load .dockerignore
#1 transferring context: 41B done
#1 DONE 0.1s
#2 [internal] load build definition from dockerfile
#2 transferring dockerfile: 331B done
#2 DONE 0.1s
#3 [internal] load metadata for custom-artifactory.com/eclipse-temurin:21.0.1_12-jdk-alpine
#3 ...
#4 [auth] eclipse-temurin:pull token for custom-artifactory.com
#4 DONE 0.0s
#3 [internal] load metadata for custom-artifactory.com/eclipse-temurin:21.0.1_12-jdk-alpine
#3 DONE 0.3s
#5 [1/3] FROM custom-artifactory.com/eclipse-temurin:21.0.1_12-jdk-alpine@sha256:075f8207cbfecf7e509e2d93e2ffc36c097b52a8109a9bfd40326fa12bd5c438
#5 resolve custom-artifactory.com/eclipse-temurin:21.0.1_12-jdk-alpine@sha256:075f8207cbfecf7e509e2d93e2ffc36c097b52a8109a9bfd40326fa12bd5c438 0.0s done
#5 sha256:c926b61bad3b94ae7351bafd0c184c159ebf0643b085f7ef1d47ecdc7316833c 3.15MB / 3.40MB 0.1s
#5 sha256:e5820a814e8c90e2b86457ad1da29a79516ae242489d7bf67ea216d150c1efdc 3.15MB / 13.14MB 0.1s
#5 sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2 0B / 157.66MB 0.1s
#5 sha256:075f8207cbfecf7e509e2d93e2ffc36c097b52a8109a9bfd40326fa12bd5c438 549B / 549B done
#5 sha256:7e1c2f37fffae18238a4bb018080a0a46d23bfe646d0e1eaacb35a4fdf383a2d 1.37kB / 1.37kB done
#5 sha256:c9017e7c8441517b002e05be8e72b0032d6d55e108e720c8ac6a5255d5611baa 4.94kB / 4.94kB done
#5 sha256:c926b61bad3b94ae7351bafd0c184c159ebf0643b085f7ef1d47ecdc7316833c 3.40MB / 3.40MB 0.1s done
#5 sha256:e5820a814e8c90e2b86457ad1da29a79516ae242489d7bf67ea216d150c1efdc 8.39MB / 13.14MB 0.2s
#5 extracting sha256:c926b61bad3b94ae7351bafd0c184c159ebf0643b085f7ef1d47ecdc7316833c
#5 sha256:1103e3032e0ab2751fa60d490107a4b908c287ed9264496a5285c5127ba8a8b1 176B / 176B 0.1s done
#5 sha256:dab03e20f0bc9420a8ab17a6aa1f2cad9ff28b9394902fedb9e44ef361a7edca 734B / 734B 0.2s done
#5 sha256:e5820a814e8c90e2b86457ad1da29a79516ae242489d7bf67ea216d150c1efdc 10.49MB / 13.14MB 0.3s
#5 sha256:e5820a814e8c90e2b86457ad1da29a79516ae242489d7bf67ea216d150c1efdc 13.14MB / 13.14MB 0.4s done
#5 extracting sha256:c926b61bad3b94ae7351bafd0c184c159ebf0643b085f7ef1d47ecdc7316833c 0.2s done
#5 extracting sha256:e5820a814e8c90e2b86457ad1da29a79516ae242489d7bf67ea216d150c1efdc
#5 sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2 9.44MB / 157.66MB 0.8s
#5 extracting sha256:e5820a814e8c90e2b86457ad1da29a79516ae242489d7bf67ea216d150c1efdc 0.8s done
#5 sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2 19.92MB / 157.66MB 1.5s
#5 sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2 33.55MB / 157.66MB 1.9s
#5 sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2 46.14MB / 157.66MB 2.4s
#5 sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2 60.82MB / 157.66MB 2.9s
#5 sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2 74.45MB / 157.66MB 3.3s
#5 sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2 85.98MB / 157.66MB 3.9s
#5 sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2 96.47MB / 157.66MB 4.2s
#5 sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2 106.95MB / 157.66MB 4.5s
#5 sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2 118.49MB / 157.66MB 4.8s
#5 sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2 132.12MB / 157.66MB 5.1s
#5 sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2 140.51MB / 157.66MB 5.3s
#5 sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2 148.90MB / 157.66MB 5.5s
#5 sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2 157.66MB / 157.66MB 5.8s
#5 extracting sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2
#5 sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2 157.66MB / 157.66MB 5.8s done
#5 extracting sha256:fd0a188ff282b81403d8a726aacd5d985ef4761a8a8f5c876dea381e7a9337a2 4.2s done
#5 extracting sha256:1103e3032e0ab2751fa60d490107a4b908c287ed9264496a5285c5127ba8a8b1
#5 extracting sha256:1103e3032e0ab2751fa60d490107a4b908c287ed9264496a5285c5127ba8a8b1 done
#5 extracting sha256:dab03e20f0bc9420a8ab17a6aa1f2cad9ff28b9394902fedb9e44ef361a7edca done
#5 DONE 10.4s
#6 [2/3] RUN apk update && apk add --upgrade apk-tools && apk upgrade --available && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*
#6 0.298 fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.18/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
#6 0.483 fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.18/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
#6 0.748 v3.18.6-7-g0094b6ccd2e [https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.18/main]
#6 0.748 v3.18.6-6-gc08ed1eac8b [https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.18/community]
#6 0.748 OK: 20072 distinct packages available
#6 1.058 (1/2) Upgrading libcrypto3 (3.1.4-r1 -> 3.1.4-r5)
#6 1.269 (2/2) Upgrading libssl3 (3.1.4-r1 -> 3.1.4-r5)
#6 1.295 Executing ca-certificates-20230506-r0.trigger
#6 1.428 OK: 40 MiB in 44 packages
#6 1.749 (1/1) Upgrading tzdata (2023c-r1 -> 2023d-r0)
#6 1.950 OK: 40 MiB in 44 packages
#6 DONE 2.3s
#7 [3/3] RUN apk add --no-cache bash maven
#7 0.506 fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.18/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
#7 0.639 fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.18/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
#7 0.919 (1/20) Installing java-common (0.5-r0)
#7 0.933 (2/20) Installing openjdk17-jre-headless (17.0.10_p7-r0)
#7 2.185 (3/20) Installing libxau (1.0.11-r2)
#7 2.198 (4/20) Installing libmd (1.0.4-r2)
#7 2.237 (5/20) Installing libbsd (0.11.7-r1)
#7 2.251 (6/20) Installing libxdmcp (1.1.4-r2)
#7 2.264 (7/20) Installing libxcb (1.15-r1)
#7 2.284 (8/20) Installing libx11 (1.8.7-r0)
#7 2.324 (9/20) Installing libxext (1.3.5-r2)
#7 2.337 (10/20) Installing libxi (1.8.1-r0)
#7 2.353 (11/20) Installing libxrender (0.9.11-r3)
#7 2.366 (12/20) Installing libxtst (1.2.4-r2)
#7 2.381 (13/20) Installing alsa-lib (1.2.9-r1)
#7 2.407 (14/20) Installing giflib (5.2.1-r4)
#7 2.420 (15/20) Installing libjpeg-turbo (2.1.5.1-r3)
#7 2.440 (16/20) Installing lcms2 (2.15-r2)
#7 2.458 (17/20) Installing openjdk17-jre (17.0.10_p7-r0)
#7 2.495 (18/20) Installing openjdk17-jmods (17.0.10_p7-r0)
#7 3.183 (19/20) Installing openjdk17-jdk (17.0.10_p7-r0)
#7 3.255 (20/20) Installing maven (3.9.2-r0)
#7 3.351 Executing busybox-1.36.1-r5.trigger
#7 3.356 Executing java-common-0.5-r0.trigger
#7 3.362 OK: 325 MiB in 64 packages
#7 DONE 3.7s

Start with the minimal Dockerfile and compare builds using the 21.0.2_13-jdk-alpine and 21.0.1_12-jdk-alpine tags. Run `mvn -v` after installing Maven on Alpine 3.19, then investigate the reported ClassNotFoundException and the Alpine, JDK, and Maven version changes; done means Maven runs successfully in the affected image and the CI environment.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.