Enable WIT gates to take user-defined strings as arguments

Following #377, we'd like to be able to write @deprecated with a message parameter containing a user-defined string, like this:

package local:demo;

interface host {
  @deprecated(version = "1.1.0", message = "please use function `bar` instead")
  @since(version = "1.0.0")
  foo: func(msg: string);
  
  @since(version = "1.1.0")
  bar: func(msg: string);
}

That's currently not possible because we don't yet have a string syntax for WIT (did I get that right?). Given that @message was optional we decided to punt on that instead. I'm filing this issue to make sure we keep track that this is a feature we'd like to add, but are currently blocked on figuring out how we want to handle strings.

Start by reviewing issue #377 and the linked discussion about WIT string syntax. Determine how user-defined strings should be represented as gate arguments, including the deprecated message example, and define the syntax and behavior needed for that example to be accepted.