[🐛 Bug]: UnreachableBrowserException: Error communicating with the remote browser. It may have died.

What happened?

We are facing issue while executing serenity tests in selenium grid. Serenity version is v4.2.16 .
Tests are failing with below error intermittently.

UnreachableBrowserException: Error communicating with the remote browser. It may have died.

Experiencing issue with selenium version v4.28 onwards for both platforms Linux and Windows.

Command used to start Selenium Grid with Docker (or Kubernetes)

version: "3.0"
services:

 selenium-sec-chrome_Container1:
    environment:
      - SE_EVENT_BUS_HOST=<Hub_Server>
      - SE_EVENT_BUS_PUBLISH_PORT=<Pubilsh_Port>
      - SE_EVENT_BUS_SUBSCRIBE_PORT=<Subscribe_Port>
      - SE_NODE_HOST=<Node_Host>
      - SE_NODE_PORT=<Node_Port>
      - SE_NODE_MAX_SESSIONS=8
      - SE_NODE_OVERRIDE_MAX_SESSIONS=true
      - REMOTE_HOST=https://${HOSTNAME}:<Host>
      - SE_OPTS=--https-certificate /home/seluser/g4httpsgsg.pem --https-private-key /home/seluser/g4httpsgsg.key 
      - SE_NODE_SESSION_TIMEOUT=900
      - SE_DRAIN_AFTER_SESSION_COUNT=100
      - SE_NODE_GRID_URL=<Pubilsh_Port>
#   image: /node-chrome:4.28.1-20250202
#   image: /node-chrome:4.32.0-20250505
    image: /node-chrome:4.30.0-20250323
    privileged: true
#    logging:
#     driver: "none"
    shm_size: 8gb
    ports:
      - <Port>:<Port>
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - /dev/shm:/dev/shm
      - /opt/grid/cert:/home/seluser

Relevant log output

1. Node error log : Selnium v4.30

Driver info: driver.version: unknown
org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Build info: version: '4.30.0', revision: '509c7f1'
System info: os.name: 'Linux', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '4.18.0-553.47.1.el8_10.x86_64', java.version: '21.0.6'
Driver info: driver.version: unknown
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.jdk.JdkHttpClient.execute(JdkHttpClient.java:419)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.TracedHttpClient.execute(TracedHttpClient.java:54)
        at org.openqa.selenium.grid.web.ReverseProxyHandler.execute(ReverseProxyHandler.java:91)
        at org.openqa.selenium.grid.node.DefaultActiveSession.execute(DefaultActiveSession.java:62)
        at org.openqa.selenium.grid.node.local.SessionSlot.execute(SessionSlot.java:130)
        at org.openqa.selenium.grid.node.local.LocalNode.executeWebDriverCommand(LocalNode.java:718)
        at org.openqa.selenium.grid.node.ForwardWebDriverCommand.execute(ForwardWebDriverCommand.java:48)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route$PredicatedRoute.handle(Route.java:397)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route.execute(Route.java:69)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.tracing.SpanWrappedHttpHandler.execute(SpanWrappedHttpHandler.java:87)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Filter$1.execute(Filter.java:63)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route$CombinedRoute.handle(Route.java:360)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route.execute(Route.java:69)
        at org.openqa.selenium.grid.node.Node.execute(Node.java:286)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route$CombinedRoute.handle(Route.java:360)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Route.execute(Route.java:69)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.AddWebDriverSpecHeaders.lambda$apply$0(AddWebDriverSpecHeaders.java:35)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorFilter.lambda$apply$0(ErrorFilter.java:44)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Filter$1.execute(Filter.java:63)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.ErrorFilter.lambda$apply$0(ErrorFilter.java:44)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Filter$1.execute(Filter.java:63)
        at org.openqa.selenium.netty.server.SeleniumHandler.lambda$channelRead0$0(SeleniumHandler.java:49)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:572)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:317)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1144)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:642)
        at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1583)
Caused by: java.lang.InterruptedException
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.reportGet(CompletableFuture.java:386)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.get(CompletableFuture.java:2073)
        at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.jdk.JdkHttpClient.execute(JdkHttpClient.java:413)
        ... 26 more

2. Test Error Log :

org.openqa.selenium.remote.UnreachableBrowserException: Error communicating with the remote browser. It may have died.
Build info: version: '4.28.1', revision: '73f5ad48a2'
System info: os.name: 'Mac OS X', os.arch: 'aarch64', os.version: '14.7.5', java.version: '17.0.11'
Driver info: org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver
Command: [5206e5c379c7e2969c8257bd24bf086d, findElements [using, value]]

Operating System

Linux Redhat

Docker Selenium version (image tag)

4.30.0-20250323

Selenium Grid chart version (chart version)

No response

Start with the provided Docker Compose configuration and compare the Selenium image tags 4.28.1, 4.30.0, and 4.32.0 alongside the node and test logs. Reproduce the intermittent UnreachableBrowserException and identify a reliable fix or regression result showing that remote browser commands no longer fail.