parseAnchors doesn't generate anchors with inline math correctly

When a heading contains inline math, our parseAnchors logic is not able to generate the correct anchor for it.

For example, the following heading gets parsed as #template-circuits-for-calculating-matrix-elements-of-$tilde{s}$-and-$tilde{h}$-via-hadamard-test rather than #template-circuits-for-calculating-matrix-elements-of-tildes-and-tildeh-via-hadamard-test:

This also affects to our translations. We are using this same logic to generate the English anchors even in a translated pages to avoid breaking the links.

Example of the link checker output when you try to link to that title:

Checking internal links for non-API docs
❌ Could not find link '/docs/tutorials/krylov-quantum-diagonalization#template-circuits-for-calculating-matrix-elements-of-tildes-and-tildeh-via-hadamard-test'. Appears in:
    docs/guides/index.mdx    ❓ Did you mean '/docs/tutorials/krylov-quantum-diagonalization#template-circuits-for-calculating-matrix-elements-of-$tilde{s}$-and-$tilde{h}$-via-hadamard-test'?

Some links appear broken 💔

Start in scripts/js/lib/links/extractLinks.ts at parseAnchors and compare the generated anchor with the heading example in the issue. Check the link checker output for the expected anchor without the inline math delimiters, including the translated-page behavior. Done means headings containing inline math produce the expected anchor and the documented link checker example no longer reports the link as broken.