Issue updating to v10 with composer

I ran into the same issue described here by a reddit user: https://old.reddit.com/r/mediawiki/comments/1170jrz/maps_100_will_not_install_what_to_do/

With the following composer.local.json:

{
    "require": {
        "mediawiki/maps": "^10.0",
        "mediawiki/semantic-media-wiki": "^4.0"
    },

    "extra": {
        "merge-plugin": {
                        "include": [
                                "extensions/*/composer.json",
                                "skins/*/composer.json"
                        ]
        }
    }
}

I got the following error after running composer update --no-dev:

  Problem 1
    - mediawiki/core is present at version 1.0.0+no-version-set and cannot be modified by Composer
    - mediawiki/maps[10.0.0] cannot be installed as that would require removing mediawiki/core[1.0.0+no-version-set]. They both replace mediawiki/semantic-maps and thus cannot coexist.
    - Root composer.json requires mediawiki/maps ^10.0 -> satisfiable by mediawiki/maps[10.0.0].

I was able to resolve the issue by temporarily removing composer.local.json, running composer update --no-dev and then restoring composer.local.json and updating a second time, but I don't understand what caused the problem in the first place.

The mediawiki/core package doesn't seem to make any mention of mediawiki/semantic-maps, so I'm not sure where the conflict comes from.

I would appreciate any help understanding the what causes the problem so I don't have it in the future.

Start with composer.local.json and the root composer.json, then reproduce the failure with composer update --no-dev using the shown requirements. Trace why mediawiki/maps, mediawiki/semantic-maps, and mediawiki/core are considered conflicting; done means documenting the cause and a reliable update procedure.