Error management for large wire numbers

I have noticed that the behaviour of qjiting circuits with large unsupported wire numbers are inconsistent. I have observed three different messages with different circuits. It would be nice to unify this behaviour at some point.

@qjit
def test_large_wires():
    dev = qml.device("lightning.qubit", wires=1000)
    @qml.qnode(dev)
    def circuit():
        qml.PauliX(wires=999)
        return qml.probs()
    return circuit()
result = test_large_wires()

would raise

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/tmp/playground.py", line 7, in <module>
    @qjit
     ^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pennylane/logging/decorators.py", line 61, in wrapper_entry
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/frontend/catalyst/jit.py", line 502, in qjit
    return QJIT(fn, CompileOptions(**kwargs))
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pennylane/logging/decorators.py", line 65, in wrapper_exit
    output = func(*args, **kwargs)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/frontend/catalyst/jit.py", line 565, in __init__
    self.aot_compile()
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pennylane/logging/decorators.py", line 61, in wrapper_entry
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/frontend/catalyst/jit.py", line 623, in aot_compile
    self.mlir_module = self.generate_ir()
                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/frontend/catalyst/debug/instruments.py", line 145, in wrapper
    return fn(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pennylane/logging/decorators.py", line 61, in wrapper_entry
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/frontend/catalyst/jit.py", line 776, in generate_ir
    mlir_module, ctx = lower_jaxpr_to_mlir(self.jaxpr, self.__name__)
                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pennylane/logging/decorators.py", line 61, in wrapper_entry
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/frontend/catalyst/jax_tracer.py", line 631, in lower_jaxpr_to_mlir
    mlir_module, ctx = jaxpr_to_mlir(func_name, jaxpr)
                       ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pennylane/logging/decorators.py", line 61, in wrapper_entry
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/frontend/catalyst/jax_extras/lowering.py", line 74, in jaxpr_to_mlir
    module, context = custom_lower_jaxpr_to_module(
                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pennylane/logging/decorators.py", line 61, in wrapper_entry
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/frontend/catalyst/jax_extras/lowering.py", line 143, in custom_lower_jaxpr_to_module
    lower_jaxpr_to_fun(
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jax/_src/interpreters/mlir.py", line 1452, in lower_jaxpr_to_fun
    output_types = map(aval_to_ir_type, jaxpr.out_avals)
                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jax/_src/interpreters/mlir.py", line 228, in aval_to_ir_type
    return ir_type_handlers[type(aval)](aval)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/jax/_src/interpreters/mlir.py", line 213, in _array_ir_types
    return ir.RankedTensorType.get(aval.shape, dtype_to_ir_type(aval.dtype))  # type: ignore
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TypeError: get(): incompatible function arguments. The following argument types are supported:
    1. get(shape: collections.abc.Sequence[int], element_type: jaxlib.mlir._mlir_libs._mlir.ir.Type, encoding: jaxlib.mlir._mlir_libs._mlir.ir.Attribute | None = None, loc: mlir.ir.Location | None = None) -> jaxlib.mlir._mlir_libs._mlir.ir.RankedTensorType

Invoked with types: tuple, jaxlib.mlir._mlir_libs._mlir.ir.F64Type

@qjit
def test_large_wires():
    dev = qml.device("lightning.qubit")
    @qml.qnode(dev)
    def circuit():
        qml.PauliX(wires=999)
        return qml.probs()
    return circuit()
result = test_large_wires()

raises

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/tmp/playground.py", line 16, in <module>
    result = test_large_wires()
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pennylane/logging/decorators.py", line 61, in wrapper_entry
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/frontend/catalyst/jit.py", line 608, in __call__
    return self.run(args, kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/frontend/catalyst/debug/instruments.py", line 145, in wrapper
    return fn(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pennylane/logging/decorators.py", line 61, in wrapper_entry
    return func(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/frontend/catalyst/jit.py", line 835, in run
    results = self.compiled_function(*args, **kwargs)
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/frontend/catalyst/compiled_functions.py", line 345, in __call__
    result = CompiledFunction._exec(
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/mehrdad.malek/catalyst/frontend/catalyst/compiled_functions.py", line 166, in _exec
    retval = wrapper.wrap(lib.function, args, result_desc, lib.mem_transfer, numpy_dict)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
ValueError: vector

@qjit
def test_large_wires():
    dev = qml.device("lightning.qubit")
    @qml.qnode(dev)
    def circuit():
        qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 999])
        return qml.probs()
    return circuit()
result = test_large_wires()

would halt indefinitely

if a smaller number (like 40) is use instead of 999, it would halt for some time and raise:

[1]    95672 killed     python /Users/mehrdad.malek/tmp/playground.py

Start by reproducing the three large-wire examples and trace their different failures through the mentioned entry points in frontend/catalyst/jit.py, frontend/catalyst/compiled_functions.py, and frontend/catalyst/jax_extras/lowering.py. Compare where unsupported wire numbers are detected and define consistent error behavior, then add regression coverage for each reported circuit path.