Conceptual overview of chat components

It seems like there is a big gap in understanding with a lot of users new to adventure, who have trouble with the concepts of chat components, having only been familiar with the legacy section-symbol system. It would be helpful to explain what components are and some of their key characteristics, ideally with some graphics. Here's a rough outline of what I'm imagining:

1. What is a component?
   1. structured representation: the text form represents the data structure, rather than being marked-up text
   2. different types of content
   3. tree structure: see style
   4. appending: children in the tree (visual here?)
2. Where did components come from?/Why do we want to use components?
   1. history: 1.7.2 introduction, 1.13 most of the server converted to use them, 1.16 client text renderer converted
   2. originally: a way to be more explicit about links and other rich styling
   3. references:
      • https://gist.github.com/Dinnerbone/5631634
      • https://gist.github.com/Dinnerbone/6488256
      • https://bugs.mojang.com/browse/MC-190605?focusedCommentId=993040
   4. examples of quirks/limitations of legacy text, and how chat components resolve those issues
3. Style in components
   1. tree style
   • [visual] show a component tree with styles, show how they're inherited, and piecewise overridden
   2. attributes can exist together, no 'magical' reseting like legacy strings had
   3. more attributes can be added -- see font or RGB colour
4. Examples
   1. Some side-by-side tables of json, adventure representation, and in-game visuals?
5. History of components (can it be merged with 2?)
   1. version-by-version breakdown of what has been added/changed

Migrated from https://github.com/KyoriPowered/adventure-docs/issues/49

No target file or test is named. Start with the proposed outline and its linked component-history references; done means a published conceptual overview explaining components, styling, history, and examples with the suggested graphics or comparisons.