Use Quent bindings in cudf-polars

https://github.com/rapidsai/quent/pull/140 added autogenerated python bindings for Quent's types. In https://github.com/rapidsai/cudf/pull/22337, we're essentially reproducing these out by hand.

This issue is to track work on how cudf-polars can use the bindings autogenerated by quent, letting us remove much of the code from `cudf_polars/quent/_types.py`.

Start by reviewing Quent PR 140's autogenerated Python bindings and the hand-written definitions in cudf_polars/quent/_types.py, then compare them with the usage introduced in cuDF PR 22337. Done means cudf-polars uses Quent's generated bindings and much of _types.py can be removed.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.