[BUG] [JNI] Switch from `assert` to checked enabled at runtime

The invariant checks and parameter checks in `ColumnVector.java` are currently checked using `assert`. The problem here is that these asserts only fire when enabled (`-ea`).

It would be good to switch these to checks that are always enabled at runtime.
Something like [`Preconditions`](https://github.com/NVIDIA/spark-rapids-jni/commits/main/src/main/java/com/nvidia/spark/rapids/jni/Preconditions.java) come to mind. But that is specific to `spark-rapids-jni`.