Upgrade to TypeScript v5.3

As part of the Wallet Framework Team's Q2 2024 OKRs (O3/KR4), we are upgrading all core packages to use TypeScript v5.3, with the goal of eventually upgrading to the latest version.

Prior to starting the upgrade process, we should read through the [v5.3 release announcements](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/typescript/announcing-typescript-5-3/) and make note of the following in this ticket:
- New language features that we should apply in our code (e.g. [`satisfies` operator in v4.9](https://github.com/MetaMask/core/issues/1972)).
- Breaking changes and possible regressions (e.g. [change in type narrowing behavior in v5.0](https://github.com/MetaMask/superstruct/issues/19)).
- For breaking changes, look at the [wiki](https://github.com/microsoft/TypeScript/wiki/API-Breaking-Changes).
- For regressions, also look at google search results: e.g. site:github.com typescript 5.1 regression
- Blockers for implementation (e.g. [fixing type declarations in dependencies to be ESM-compatible was a prerequisite for the v5.0 upgrade](https://github.com/MetaMask/core/issues/3651)).

We should also do a trial run of bumping TypeScript versions in core packages and seeing what (if any) error messages we get when we run `yarn build` and `yarn test`. These errors should be recorded in this ticket.