Add linting back to CI

Following https://github.com/ManimCommunity/manim/pull/3620, would be great to enforce linting on CI.

I propose using Ruff instead of flake8, it would avoid having to install a bunch of plugins and `pyproject.toml` configuration is supported.

Format could be included as well if the diff isn't to big.

Review pull request #3620 and the closed pull request #3774, then inspect the repository's existing CI configuration. Add Ruff-based linting to CI and evaluate whether formatting can be included without a large diff; done means the CI workflow reliably enforces the agreed checks.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.