CVE-2025-32441 (Medium) detected in rack-2.2.9.gem

## CVE-2025-32441 - Medium Severity Vulnerability
Vulnerable Library - rack-2.2.9.gem

Rack provides a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing
web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in
the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web
servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called
middleware) into a single method call.

Library home page: https://rubygems.org/gems/rack-2.2.9.gem

Path to dependency file: /Gemfile.lock

Path to vulnerable library: /home/wss-scanner/.gem/ruby/3.2.0/cache/rack-2.2.9.gem

Dependency Hierarchy:
- rack-test-2.1.0.gem (Root Library)
- :x: **rack-2.2.9.gem** (Vulnerable Library)

Found in base branch: master

Vulnerability Details

Rack is a modular Ruby web server interface. Prior to version 2.2.14, when using the "Rack::Session::Pool" middleware, simultaneous rack requests can restore a deleted rack session, which allows the unauthenticated user to occupy that session. Rack session middleware prepares the session at the beginning of request, then saves is back to the store with possible changes applied by host rack application. This way the session becomes to be a subject of race conditions in general sense over concurrent rack requests. When using the "Rack::Session::Pool" middleware, and provided the attacker can acquire a session cookie (already a major issue), the session may be restored if the attacker can trigger a long running request (within that same session) adjacent to the user logging out, in order to retain illicit access even after a user has attempted to logout. Version 2.2.14 contains a patch for the issue. Some other mitigations are available. Either ensure the application invalidates sessions atomically by marking them as logged out e.g., using a "logged_out" flag, instead of deleting them, and check this flag on every request to prevent reuse; or implement a custom session store that tracks session invalidation timestamps and refuses to accept session data if the session was invalidated after the request began.
Mend Note: The description of this vulnerability differs from MITRE.

Publish Date: 2025-05-07

URL: CVE-2025-32441

CVSS 3 Score Details (4.2)

Base Score Metrics:
- Exploitability Metrics:
- Attack Vector: Network
- Attack Complexity: High
- Privileges Required: Low
- User Interaction: None
- Scope: Unchanged
- Impact Metrics:
- Confidentiality Impact: Low
- Integrity Impact: Low
- Availability Impact: None

For more information on CVSS3 Scores, click here.

Suggested Fix

Type: Upgrade version

Release Date: 2025-05-07

Fix Resolution: https://github.com/rack/rack-session.git - v2.1.1,https://github.com/rack/rack.git - v2.2.14,rack-session - 2.1.1

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Start with /Gemfile.lock and the rack-test-2.1.0 dependency hierarchy. Check the resolved Rack version against CVE-2025-32441 and update the dependency to the stated fixed version; done means the lockfile no longer resolves rack-2.2.9.gem and the vulnerability scan is clear.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.