example output lines need synchronization
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Since Jun 22, 2018.
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Description
The problem occurs after the use of "input" below:
i26 : help "reading files"
o26 = reading files
*************
Sometimes a file will contain a single expression whose value you wish to have access
to. For example, it might be a polynomial produced by another program. The function
"get" can be used to obtain the entire contents of a file as a single string. We
illustrate this here with a file whose name is expression.
First we create the file by writing the desired text to it.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|i1 : fn = temporaryFileName() |
| |
|o1 = /var/folders/46/9b86vqxj4hjcngvy7kd7sb140000gn/T/M2-91118-0/0 |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|i2 : fn << "z^6+3*x*z^4+6*y*z^4+3*x^2*z^2+12*x*y*z^2+12*y^2*z^2+x^3+6*x^2*y+12*x*y^2+8*y^3" << endl << close|
| |
|o2 = /var/folders/46/9b86vqxj4hjcngvy7kd7sb140000gn/T/M2-91118-0/0 |
| |
|o2 : File |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Now we get the contents of the file, as a single string.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|i3 : get fn |
| |
|o3 = z^6+3*x*z^4+6*y*z^4+3*x^2*z^2+12*x*y*z^2+12*y^2*z^2+x^3+6*x^2*y+12*x*y^2|
| +8*y^3 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
This isn't quite what you want, because a string containing a description of a
polynomial is not the same as a polynomial. We may use "value" to evaluate the string
and produce the corresponding polynomial, after first setting up a polynomial ring to
contain it.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|i4 : R = ZZ/101[x,y,z] |
| |
|o4 = R |
| |
|o4 : PolynomialRing |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|i5 : f = value get fn |
| |
| 6 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 |
|o5 = z + 3x*z + 6y*z + 3x z + 12x*y*z + 12y z + x + 6x y + 12x*y + |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 3 |
| 8y |
| |
|o5 : R |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|i6 : factor f |
| |
| 2 3 |
|o6 = (z + x + 2y) |
| |
|o6 : Expression of class Product |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
Often a file will contain code written in the Macaulay2 language. Let's create such a
file.
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
|i7 : fn << "sample = 2^100 |
| print sample |
| " << close |
| |
|o7 = /var/folders/46/9b86vqxj4hjcngvy7kd7sb140000gn/T/M2-91118-0/0|
| |
|o7 : File |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
Now verify that it contains the desired text with "get".
+-------------------+
|i8 : get fn |
| |
|o8 = sample = 2^100|
| print sample |
+-------------------+
To load and execute that code, use "load". This is the function you will use most
often for using bits of code you have previously written, unless you have incorporated
them into a package, in which case you would use "loadPackage".
+-------------------------------+
|i9 : load fn |
|1267650600228229401496703205376|
+-------------------------------+
The command "needs" can be used to load a file only if it hasn't already been loaded.
+--------------+
|i10 : needs fn|
+--------------+
For debugging or display purposes, it is sometimes useful to be able to simulate
entering the lines of a file one by one, so they appear on the screen along with
prompts and output lines. We use "input" for this.
+--------------+
|i11 : input fn|
+--------------+
There are other ways to manipulate the contents of a file with multiple lines. First,
let's use "peek" to observe the extent of this string returned by "get".
+--------------------------------------+
|ii12 : sample = 2^100 |
| |
|oo12 = 1267650600228229401496703205376|
+--------------------------------------+
The resulting string has newlines in it; we can use "lines" to break it apart into a
list of strings, with one row in each string.
+-------------------------------+
|ii13 : print sample |
|1267650600228229401496703205376|
+-------------------------------+
We may use "peek" to observe the extent of these strings.
+-------+
|ii14 : |
+-------+
We could even use "stack" to assemble the lines of the file into a net.
+---------------------+
|i15 : peek get fn |
| |
|o15 = "sample = 2^100|
| print sample |
| " |
+---------------------+
Now let's remove that file.
+------------------------------------+
|i16 : lines get fn |
| |
|o16 = {sample = 2^100, print sample}|
| |
|o16 : List |
+------------------------------------+
o26 : DIV
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