StackOverflowError in broadcasting

Reported by @efaulhaber in https://github.com/JuliaSIMD/StrideArrays.jl/pull/60#issuecomment-1334909937

> ```julia
> using StrideArrays: PtrArray
> using OrdinaryDiffEq
>
>
> tspan = (0.0, 0.1)
> u0_ode = [0.0]
> ode = ODEProblem((du_ode, u_ode, semi, t) -> nothing, u0_ode, tspan)
>
> sol = solve(ode, RDPK3SpFSAL49(thread=OrdinaryDiffEq.True()));
> ```
>
> ```
> ERROR: StackOverflowError:
> Stacktrace:
> [1] materialize!(dest::StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, bc::Base.Broadcast.Broadcasted{StrideArrays.CartesianStyle{Tuple{Int64}, 1}, Nothing, typeof(DiffEqBase.calculate_residuals), Tuple{StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, Float64, Float64, Base.RefValue{typeof(DiffEqBase.ODE_DEFAULT_NORM)}, Float64}})
> @ StrideArrays ~/.julia/packages/StrideArrays/zzjCK/src/broadcast.jl:185
> [2] macro expansion
> @ ~/.julia/packages/LoopVectorization/DDH6Z/src/broadcast.jl:530 [inlined]
> [3] vmaterialize!(dest::StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, bc::Base.Broadcast.Broadcasted{StrideArrays.CartesianStyle{Tuple{Int64}, 1}, Nothing, typeof(DiffEqBase.calculate_residuals), Tuple{StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, Float64, Float64, Base.RefValue{typeof(DiffEqBase.ODE_DEFAULT_NORM)}, Float64}}, #unused#::Val{:StrideArrays}, #unused#::Val{(true, 0, 0, 0, true, 4, 32, 15, 64, 0x0000000000000001, 0, true)}, #unused#::Val{((true,), (true,), (true,), (), (), (), ())})
> @ LoopVectorization ~/.julia/packages/LoopVectorization/DDH6Z/src/broadcast.jl:530
> [4] vmaterialize!(dest::StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, bc::Base.Broadcast.Broadcasted{StrideArrays.CartesianStyle{Tuple{Int64}, 1}, Nothing, typeof(DiffEqBase.calculate_residuals), Tuple{StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, Float64, Float64, Base.RefValue{typeof(DiffEqBase.ODE_DEFAULT_NORM)}, Float64}}, #unused#::Val{:StrideArrays}, #unused#::Val{(true, 0, 0, 0, true, 4, 32, 15, 64, 0x0000000000000001, 0, true)})
> @ LoopVectorization ~/.julia/packages/LoopVectorization/DDH6Z/src/broadcast.jl:664
> [5] _materialize!(dest::StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, bc::Base.Broadcast.Broadcasted{StrideArrays.CartesianStyle{Tuple{Int64}, 1}, Nothing, typeof(DiffEqBase.calculate_residuals), Tuple{StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, Float64, Float64, Base.RefValue{typeof(DiffEqBase.ODE_DEFAULT_NORM)}, Float64}}, #unused#::Val{(true, 0, 0, 0, true, 4, 32, 15, 64, 0x0000000000000001, 0, true)})
> @ StrideArrays ~/.julia/packages/StrideArrays/zzjCK/src/broadcast.jl:178
> --- the last 5 lines are repeated 19994 more times ---
> [99976] materialize!(dest::StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, bc::Base.Broadcast.Broadcasted{StrideArrays.CartesianStyle{Tuple{Int64}, 1}, Nothing, typeof(DiffEqBase.calculate_residuals), Tuple{StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, Float64, Float64, Base.RefValue{typeof(DiffEqBase.ODE_DEFAULT_NORM)}, Float64}})
> @ StrideArrays ~/.julia/packages/StrideArrays/zzjCK/src/broadcast.jl:185
> [99977] macro expansion
> @ ~/.julia/packages/LoopVectorization/DDH6Z/src/broadcast.jl:530 [inlined]
> [99978] vmaterialize!(dest::StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, bc::Base.Broadcast.Broadcasted{StrideArrays.CartesianStyle{Tuple{Int64}, 1}, Nothing, typeof(DiffEqBase.calculate_residuals), Tuple{StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, Float64, Float64, Base.RefValue{typeof(DiffEqBase.ODE_DEFAULT_NORM)}, Float64}}, #unused#::Val{:StrideArrays}, #unused#::Val{(true, 0, 0, 0, true, 4, 32, 15, 64, 0x0000000000000001, 0, true)}, #unused#::Val{((true,), (true,), (true,), (), (), (), ())})
> @ LoopVectorization ~/.julia/packages/LoopVectorization/DDH6Z/src/broadcast.jl:530
> [99979] vmaterialize!(dest::StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, bc::Base.Broadcast.Broadcasted{StrideArrays.CartesianStyle{Tuple{Int64}, 1}, Nothing, typeof(DiffEqBase.calculate_residuals), Tuple{StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, StrideArraysCore.PtrArray{Tuple{Int64}, (true,), Float64, 1, 1, 0, (1,), Tuple{Static.StaticInt{8}}, Tuple{Static.StaticInt{1}}}, Float64, Float64, Base.RefValue{typeof(DiffEqBase.ODE_DEFAULT_NORM)}, Float64}}, #unused#::Val{:StrideArrays}, #unused#::Val{(true, 0, 0, 0, true, 4, 32, 15, 64, 0x0000000000000001, 0, true)})
> @ LoopVectorization ~/.julia/packages/LoopVectorization/DDH6Z/src/broadcast.jl:664
> ```

Start by reproducing the supplied OrdinaryDiffEq example and inspect src/broadcast.jl, especially the materialize! path at line 185. Trace the interaction with LoopVectorization's broadcast implementation; done means the example no longer produces a StackOverflowError and the relevant broadcast behavior is covered by a regression check.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.