Support bash installer for Windows Server

Windows Server 2019 (and 2022) are quite difficult to install software on:

* They typically do not have access to the Store app or `winget` (X-ref: https://github.com/microsoft/winget-cli/issues/1929)
* They cannot open `.appinstaller` files or `.msix` files

While none of these things work, I _do_ have `bash` and associated tools installed on my Windows server system; perhaps we can add the ability for the `curl | bash` installer to work on Windows as well?

No files, tests, or entry points are named. Start by locating the existing curl|bash installer and its platform checks, then determine how Windows Server 2019 and 2022 support would be verified. Done means the installer works on those systems without Store, winget, .appinstaller, or .msix support.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.