Open Problem: how to securely fix critical runtime issues

# Background

Suppose someone identifies a critical security fix and reports to the council. It is determined that its important to fix and deploy, however, in the process of deploying a runtime upgrade must be made where code change must be explained, presumably. How can the community challenge destructive or malicious upgrades if the code change is not justified transparently?

# Question

1. What ways could this be dealt with?
2. How do other major chains, both with and without upgrades, handle this? Doing a deep dive reviewing incidents on how they were identified, reported, resolved, published and communicated, would be key.