Improve clang-format to check newlines at end of file

Verification

• I searched for similar issues (including closed issues) and found none was relevant.

Introduce the issue

I regularly criticize missing newline at end of file resulting in stop symbol of GitHub

@mark9064 suggested to let clang-format do this check https://github.com/InfiniTimeOrg/InfiniTime/pull/2107#discussion_r1765677368

@FintasticMan adds info on which clang-format version we could use https://github.com/InfiniTimeOrg/InfiniTime/pull/2107#discussion_r1769634701

I've just checked, and the option to insert trailing newlines has been added in clang-format 16. Last time I updated it was 14, so it wasn't included in that. I'll do a upgrade to a newer version soon.

What version do you think is reasonable to update to? Unfortunately, I don't think that clang-format ignores unrecognised options, so it'll be a minimum version for anyone using it.

Preferred solution

clang-format checks the missing newline at end of file in CI

Version

main

Start by reviewing open pull request #2139 and the repository's clang-format CI configuration. Check how the proposed clang-format version and trailing-newline option are applied, then verify that CI detects files missing a final newline without breaking supported formatting checks.