allocation-size-too-big at H5Centry.c:1018

Hi, I found an allocation-size-too-big bug when testing HDF5 libraries with a fuzzing harness on `x86-64 Ubuntu 22.04`, and it is still reproducible on current commit (`3363183`).

The crash line is the same as #5572 but the stack trace is different.

#### Files:

[1.zip](https://github.com/user-attachments/files/22351623/1.zip)

#### Compiler:
```
Ubuntu clang version 14.0.0-1ubuntu1.1
```
#### Build commands:
```
export CC=clang
export CXX=clang++
cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE:STRING=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS:BOOL=OFF -DBUILD_TESTING:BOOL=ON -DHDF5_BUILD_TOOLS:BOOL=ON -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer -O1 -g" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer -O1 -g" -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address" -DCMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address" ..

cmake --build . --config Release

clang -o ./hdf5 ./hdf5.c -fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer -O1 -g -I ../src/ -I ../src/H5FDsubfiling -I ./src -L ../src/.libs/ -L ./bin/ -l:libhdf5.a -lz -lm
```

#### Commandline:
```
./hdf5 ./1
```

#### Crash line:
```
" 1014 if (H5C__verify_len_eoa(f, type, addr, &len, false) < 0)",
" 1015 HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_CACHE, H5E_BADVALUE, NULL, \"invalid len with respect to EOA\");",
" 1016 ",
" 1017 /* Allocate the buffer for reading the on-disk entry image */",
"--->1018 if (NULL == (image = (uint8_t *)H5MM_malloc(len + H5C_IMAGE_EXTRA_SPACE)))",
" 1019 HGOTO_ERROR(H5E_CACHE, H5E_CANTALLOC, NULL, \"memory allocation failed for on disk image buffer\");",
" 1020 #if H5C_DO_MEMORY_SANITY_CHECKS",
" 1021 H5MM_memcpy(image + len, H5C_IMAGE_SANITY_VALUE, H5C_IMAGE_EXTRA_SPACE);",
" 1022 #endif /* H5C_DO_MEMORY_SANITY_CHECKS */",
" 1023 "
```

#### Stacktrace:
```
" #0 0x5555557e041e in __interceptor_malloc (hdf5+0x28c41e) (BuildId: bba9551717dcc6a726bcb7141b7bc2e6ca666c47)",
" #1 0x555555f429dc in H5C__load_entry hdf_sep15/src/H5Centry.c:1018:37",
" #2 0x555555f429dc in H5C_protect hdf_sep15/src/H5Centry.c:3102:30",
" #3 0x555555ee9080 in H5AC_protect hdf_sep15/src/H5AC.c:1302:26",
" #4 0x555555909c2a in H5HL_protect hdf_sep15/src/H5HL.c:341:40",
" #5 0x55555590441e in H5G__stab_valid hdf_sep15/src/H5Gstab.c:998:20",
" #6 0x5555558fdb29 in H5G_mkroot hdf_sep15/src/H5Groot.c:235:21",
" #7 0x55555583ac89 in H5F_open hdf_sep15/src/H5Fint.c:2139:13",
" #8 0x555555e85b1b in H5VL__native_file_open hdf_sep15/src/H5VLnative_file.c:127:9",
" #9 0x555555e51d65 in H5VL__file_open hdf_sep15/src/H5VLcallback.c:3714:25",
" #10 0x555555e515ba in H5VL_file_open hdf_sep15/src/H5VLcallback.c:3832:30",
" #11 0x555555821599 in H5F__open_api_common hdf_sep15/src/H5F.c:780:29",
" #12 0x555555820ceb in H5Fopen hdf_sep15/src/H5F.c:820:22",
" #13 0x55555581b2f2 in main hdf_sep15/asan_build/./hdf5.c:15:24",
```

Let me know if you need more information!