Add advanced tutorial explaning Vector Attributes

### Description of the desired feature

We have already two gallery examples and a tutorial regarding vectors:

- [Gallery example - Vector heads and tails](https://www.pygmt.org/dev/gallery/lines/vector_heads_tails.html)
- [Gallery example - Cartesian, circular, and geographic vectors](https://www.pygmt.org/dev/gallery/lines/vector_styles.html)
- [Tutorial - Plotting vectors](https://www.pygmt.org/dev/tutorials/advanced/vectors.html)

However, GMT allows to customize vectors in more and great detail, please see the upstream GMT documentation regarding [Vector Attributes](https://docs.generic-mapping-tools.org/dev/plot.html#vector-attributes). So it would be nice to have an advanced tutorial to show these more advanced settings, based on the GMT docs. This was first mentioned by @seisman in https://github.com/GenericMappingTools/pygmt/pull/2521#issuecomment-1522738188.

### Are you willing to help implement and maintain this feature?

Maybe / Yes - I.e., not in the next five minutes :upside_down_face: and probably some discussion is needed before starting.