连接超时 - Java SDK on Windows 主机连接 VMware 虚拟机中的 FISCO BCOS 节点失败（Failed to connect to all the nodes!）

### 环境信息

* **FISCO BCOS Java SDK 版本:** 2.9.1
* **FISCO BCOS 节点版本:** 2.9.1
* **主机操作系统:** Windows 11
* **虚拟机操作系统:** Linux (Ubuntu) in VMware Workstation
* **VMware 网络模式:** 桥接模式 (Bridged Mode)
* **Java 版本:** JDK 14
* **项目框架:** Spring Boot 2.7.6

### 问题描述

我尝试将一个运行在 Windows 主机上的 Spring Boot 应用，连接到部署在 VMware 虚拟机中的一个4节点 FISCO BCOS 网络。在应用启动过程中，Java SDK 初始化 `BcosSDK` 时抛出 `connection timed out` (连接超时) 异常，导致启动失败。

这个问题在经过了大量的网络故障排查后依旧存在。排查结果表明基础的网络连通性（ICMP 协议）是正常的，但是连接到节点 Channel 端口的 TCP 连接失败。

### 复现步骤

1. 在 Linux 虚拟机中使用 `build_chain.sh` 脚本搭建一个4节点的 FISCO BCOS 网络。
2. 确保所有节点正常运行，并在 `0.0.0.0:2020x` 上进行监听。
3. 将虚拟机的网络适配器设置为 **“桥接模式”**，并获取其新的局域网 IP 地址（例如 `192.168.117.229`）。
4. 在 Windows 主机上创建一个标准的 Spring Boot 项目。
5. 添加 `fisco-bcos-java-sdk:2.9.1` 依赖。
6. 在 `config.toml` 配置文件中，填入正确的证书路径和虚拟机的局域网 IP 作为 `peers`。
```toml
[network]
peers=["192.168.117.229:20200", "192.168.117.229:20201", ...]
```
7. 在 Spring Boot 应用启动时，尝试初始化 `BcosSDK`。

### 期望的行为

`BcosSDK` 应该成功初始化，并与虚拟机中的节点建立连接。

### 实际的行为

应用启动失败，抛出 `BcosSDKException` 异常，其根本原因是 `NetworkException`。日志显示对所有配置的节点都出现了 `connection timed out` 错误。

```
Error starting ApplicationContext. To display the conditions report re-run your application with 'debug' enabled.
2025-10-13 10:10:02.681 ERROR 10776 --- [ main] o.s.boot.SpringApplication : Application run failed

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'fiscoController' defined in file [E:\2025-code\fiscodemo\target\classes\com\fisco\test\controller\FiscoController.class]: Instantiation of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.fisco.test.controller.FiscoController]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is org.fisco.bcos.sdk.BcosSDKException: create BcosSDK failed, error info: init channel network error!
org.fisco.bcos.sdk.network.NetworkException:
* TRACE INFORMATION:
----------------------------
====> STEP1: try to connect nodes with ecdsa context...
<==== STEP1-1: Load certificates for ecdsa context success...
<==== connect nodes failed, reason:
Failed to connect to all the nodes!
* connect to 192.168.117.229:20200 failed! Please make sure the nodes have been started, and the network between the SDK and the nodes are connected normally.reason: connection timed out: /192.168.117.229:20200

* connect to 192.168.117.229:20201 failed! Please make sure the nodes have been started, and the network between the SDK and the nodes are connected normally.reason: connection timed out: /192.168.117.229:20201

* connect to 192.168.117.229:20202 failed! Please make sure the nodes have been started, and the network between the SDK and the nodes are connected normally.reason: connection timed out: /192.168.117.229:20202

* connect to 192.168.117.229:20203 failed! Please make sure the nodes have been started, and the network between the SDK and the nodes are connected normally.reason: connection timed out: /192.168.117.229:20203

at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1334) ~[spring-beans-5.3.24.jar:5.3.24]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1232) ~[spring-beans-5.3.24.jar:5.3.24]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:582) ~[spring-beans-5.3.24.jar:5.3.24]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:542) ~[spring-beans-5.3.24.jar:5.3.24]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:335) ~[spring-beans-5.3.24.jar:5.3.24]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234) ~[spring-beans-5.3.24.jar:5.3.24]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:333) ~[spring-beans-5.3.24.jar:5.3.24]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208) ~[spring-beans-5.3.24.jar:5.3.24]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:955) ~[spring-beans-5.3.24.jar:5.3.24]
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:918) ~[spring-context-5.3.24.jar:5.3.24]
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:583) ~[spring-context-5.3.24.jar:5.3.24]
at org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.context.ServletWebServerApplicationContext.refresh(ServletWebServerApplicationContext.java:147) ~[spring-boot-2.7.6.jar:2.7.6]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:731) ~[spring-boot-2.7.6.jar:2.7.6]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:408) ~[spring-boot-2.7.6.jar:2.7.6]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:307) ~[spring-boot-2.7.6.jar:2.7.6]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1303) ~[spring-boot-2.7.6.jar:2.7.6]
at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1292) ~[spring-boot-2.7.6.jar:2.7.6]
at com.fisco.test.FiscodemoApplication.main(FiscodemoApplication.java:10) ~[classes/:na]
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [com.fisco.test.controller.FiscoController]: Constructor threw exception; nested exception is org.fisco.bcos.sdk.BcosSDKException: create BcosSDK failed, error info: init channel network error!
org.fisco.bcos.sdk.network.NetworkException:
* TRACE INFORMATION:
----------------------------
====> STEP1: try to connect nodes with ecdsa context...
<==== STEP1-1: Load certificates for ecdsa context success...
<==== connect nodes failed, reason:
Failed to connect to all the nodes!
* connect to 192.168.117.229:20200 failed! Please make sure the nodes have been started, and the network between the SDK and the nodes are connected normally.reason: connection timed out: /192.168.117.229:20200

* connect to 192.168.117.229:20201 failed! Please make sure the nodes have been started, and the network between the SDK and the nodes are connected normally.reason: connection timed out: /192.168.117.229:20201

* connect to 192.168.117.229:20202 failed! Please make sure the nodes have been started, and the network between the SDK and the nodes are connected normally.reason: connection timed out: /192.168.117.229:20202

* connect to 192.168.117.229:20203 failed! Please make sure the nodes have been started, and the network between the SDK and the nodes are connected normally.reason: connection timed out: /192.168.117.229:20203

at org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils.instantiateClass(BeanUtils.java:224) ~[spring-beans-5.3.24.jar:5.3.24]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:87) ~[spring-beans-5.3.24.jar:5.3.24]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1326) ~[spring-beans-5.3.24.jar:5.3.24]
... 17 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.fisco.bcos.sdk.BcosSDKException: create BcosSDK failed, error info: init channel network error!
```

### 已执行的详尽故障排查

问题的核心似乎在 TCP 协议层。所有常规的配置和网络问题都已被排除：

* **[✅] Ping 测试:** Windows 主机可以成功 `ping` 通虚拟机的 IP 地址 (`192.168.117.229`)。

* **[✅] 节点监听:** 在虚拟机内部使用 `netstat -nlpt` 命令，确认 `fisco-bcos` 进程正在 `0.0.0.0:2020x` 上进行 `LISTEN`。

* **[✅] 虚拟机防火墙:** 确认 Linux 虚拟机内的防火墙 (`ufw`) 状态为 `inactive` (不活动)。

* **[✅] VMware 网络模式:** 已将虚拟机网络从 NAT 模式切换到 **桥接模式**，以确保直接的网络访问，但问题依旧。

* **[✅] 主机杀毒/防火墙:** Windows 主机上的所有第三方杀毒和安全软件均已禁用。Windows Defender 防火墙也已为所有网络配置文件完全关闭。

* **[❗️] 关键诊断测试: 在 Windows 主机的 PowerShell 中，对节点的端口进行 TCP 连接测试**失败\*\*。这证实了问题并非 Java SDK 特有，而是主机与虚拟机之间一个普遍的 TCP 连接问题。

```powershell
PS C:\> Test-NetConnection -ComputerName 192.168.117.229 -Port 20200

# 输出:
WARNING: TCP connect to (192.168.117.229 : 20200) failed
...
PingSucceeded : True
TcpTestSucceeded : False
```

### 我的问题

鉴于所有导致 `connection timed out` 的传统原因（主机/客户机防火墙、NAT 问题、节点配置）都已被逐一排除，并且在 ICMP (ping) 成功的情况下，从主机发起的直接 TCP 连接测试仍然失败，这是否可能是一个更深层次的问题？例如与 Windows 网络堆栈、VMware 的桥接驱动程序，或是 Java SDK 使用的 Netty 实现的某个特定需求有关？

请问开发团队是否遇到过类似的在 Windows 主机 -\> VMware 虚拟机环境下持续存在的连接问题？任何关于进行更深层次网络诊断的建议都将不胜感激。