Ubuntu 22.04 maintenance burdens

Tracking maintenance burdens from outdated packages in Ubuntu 22.04 here:
* Latest compiler version is clang-15:
* `ranges::split` is broken (fixed in clang-16; see [related discussion](https://github.com/FEX-Emu/FEX/pull/4773#discussion_r2290406376); imported range-v3 as a [workaround](https://github.com/FEX-Emu/FEX/pull/4799))
* Bugs with C++20 concepts implementation (see c27ed5aa90f859ec0f4dbecdbd8dc80f16ef9afd; [fixed in clang-17](https://godbolt.org/z/YGPravnbo))
* `std::piecewise_construct` doesn't support brace-initialization (fixed in [clang-16](https://godbolt.org/z/drjerdane))
* Some types of `union`s can't be default-initialized (observed in #5111; fixed in [clang-17](https://godbolt.org/z/5aGMoq88v))
* FEXConfig must be built against Qt 5 since Qt 6 is not properly integrated
* QML can't easily be written to work across major Qt releases, so we need to resort to some hacks instead
* Ccache can't use "sloppiness" before 4.8 (see https://github.com/FEX-Emu/FEX/pull/5530)

This list will be extended as we encounter new issues.